![]() Foot and ankle pathology is not isolated to young athletes, with a recent systematic review revealing pooled prevalence estimates for frequent foot pain of 24% and for frequent ankle pain of 15%. Indeed, foot and ankle injuries are reported to represent over a quarter of musculoskeletal injuries in elite athletics. The ankle is a common site for musculoskeletal injury for both the general public and specific sporting populations. The results of the present study provide evidence to support the use of the D-Flex system as a valid, portable, and easy to use alternative to the weight-bearing lunge test when assessing ankle dorsiflexion ROM in healthy participants. For both the goniometer and inclinometer mean differences were higher, with values of 3.1° and 5.7° respectively. The Bland and Altman plots revealed a low mean observer difference for the D-Flex (mean difference = 0.7°), with the vast majority of data coincident within the 95% confidence intervals. The D-flex produced the highest inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICCs 0.76–0.95), compared to values of 0.55–0.85 and 0.32–0.71 for the goniometer and inclinometer, respectively. ResultsĪlthough significant correlations ( p < 0.05) were observed between devices, there were large mean differences in ankle range of motion values ranging from 4.3°-15.7°. Performance evaluation of each device and their reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients and Bland and Altman plots. Repeated measures were performed both between and within observers for each device over a 48 h period. MethodsĪ cohort of 20 healthy volunteers were recruited to measure the weight-bearing ankle range of motion using three assessment tools, namely, a goniometer, inclinometer and the D-Flex measurement devices. The present study was designed to assess reliability and validity of a new standardised method using a D-Flex device to assess ankle range of motion. Measurement of its functional range of motion is a primary indicator for rehabilitation outcomes in therapy settings. Maintaining proper alignment and form are necessary to make sure you don’t injure yourself.The ankle joint is a common site of musculoskeletal pathology. However, always speak with your doctor before attempting to perform a range of motion exercise for the first time. Practicing range of motion exercises can greatly increase your flexibility and ease of movement. These are typical performed when the person receiving treatment isn’t physically able to perform the movement on their own. Passive exercises rely completely on the effort of the physical therapist or another individual. These exercises are helpful when it’s painful to flex or extend the joint on your own. This other person is often a physical therapist. You can do active exercises without the assistance of another person.Īctive assistive exercises rely on your effort and the effort of another person. There are three general categories of range of motion exercises: active, active assistive, and passive. These can help you maintain or improve joint flexibility, which helps with overall freedom and ease of movement. Your doctor or physical therapist can also tell you about exercises that you can easily do at home. You can do range of motion exercises with a physical therapist. Range of motion exercises specifically target joint flexibility. How can I prevent limited range of motion? inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the joint, or joint swelling.Other causes of restricted range of motion include: syphilis, which is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).a congenital form of torticollis, which is a stiff neck associated with muscle spasms.sepsis of the hip and other joints, which is a bacterial infection of the joints.Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, which is a disorder that causes the top of the thighbone to die due to lack of blood flow to the joint.cerebral palsy (CP), which is a group of neurological disorders that causes muscle paralysis and loss of body control.juvenile RA, which is an autoimmune form of arthritis that occurs in children under the age of 16 years.rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune form of arthritis caused by your immune system attacking your joints.osteoarthritis (OA), which is the most common form of arthritis related to older age and wear and tear of the joints.ankylosing spondylitis, which is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine.Medical conditions associated with a limited range of motion in the joints include: What causes a limited range of motion in the joints? Medical conditions
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